The Ancient History of Diya : Diwali season is here — the festival of lights that fills every home with brightness, joy, and divine energy. But have you ever wondered how the tradition of lighting diyas began? The humble mitti ka diya (earthen lamp) has a history that dates back over 5000 years, with archaeological evidence found in the Mohenjo-Daro Civilization. Let’s explore how the diya became an integral part of Indian culture, spirituality, and daily life.
Origin of the Diya – 5000 Years of Light and Legacy
Before candles and lanterns existed, early humans had already discovered fire. Initially, they used leaves, twigs, and plant oils to produce light. Over time, they began placing fire on solid objects, marking the invention of the earliest diya (lamp).
According to historians, the first diyas were made from carved stones, later evolving into clay lamps as human civilizations advanced. The use of vegetable oils and animal fat as fuel dates back over 5,000 years, proving that the diya’s origin is deeply rooted in human innovation and spirituality.
Archaeological Evidence from Mohenjo-Daro Civilization
Archaeologists have found baked clay lamps during the excavations at Mohenjo-Daro, one of the oldest cities of the Indus Valley Civilization.
These findings show that people used diyas for both light and rituals. Many ancient houses had niches (aale or taaq) in the walls specifically designed to place lamps. Streets and doorways were illuminated with diyas — a tradition that continues today during Diwali, symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.
Symbolism of the Diya in Indian Culture
The mitti ka diya (earthen lamp) represents the Panch Tatva (Five Elements) of nature:
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Mitti (Earth) – the base of the diya
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Pani (Water) – used to mold the clay
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Vayu (Air) – used to dry it
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Agni (Fire) – used to bake it
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Aakash (Space) – symbolized by the space it illuminates
Thus, lighting a diya connects the human spirit with the universe — a perfect balance of the five elements.
Spiritual and Health Benefits of Lighting a Diya
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Purification of Space: The fragrance of ghee keeps the atmosphere pure and reduces bacteria.
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Energy Activation: According to spirituality, lighting a diya awakens the seven chakras in the human body.
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Healing Effects: When cloves (laung) are added to ghee, the smoke acts as a natural air purifier, reducing skin and respiratory problems.
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Positive Vibrations: The steady flame of the diya brings calmness, peace, and mental clarity.
Evolution of Lighting Traditions
With time, civilizations like India, China, and Egypt developed various lighting tools such as torches, lanterns, and candles. In India, however, the diya remained the most spiritual and symbolic source of light.
By the 19th century, the invention of paraffin wax (1830) led to modern candles and lanterns, but the Diya retained its sacred place in Indian homes and temples — especially during Diwali.
From Mohenjo-Daro to modern Diwali celebrations, the diya has been a timeless symbol of light, purity, and knowledge. Every flicker of a diya reminds us of our deep cultural roots — a 5000-year-old bond between humans, nature, and divine light.